tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67125935714633747982023-11-16T20:56:52.572+07:00Indonesia FlowerIndonesia Flower Notes Indonesian Flower, Indonesia Flora, Indonesian Flora, types of flowers, names of flowers, flower, flowers, kinds of flowersroimailhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11932248328018732524noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-54269467586976470672008-10-11T21:30:00.002+07:002008-10-11T21:33:20.021+07:00CANTEL /Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench<a href="http://www.plantamor.com/thmnails/sorbicor01n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px;" src="http://www.plantamor.com/thmnails/sorbicor01n.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />Indonesian general name: Cantel, canthel, sorghum <br />Thailand: Khao fang <br />China: Gao den <br />Japan: Morokoshi <br />UK: Sorghum, sorgo<br /><br /><br />Classification <br /> <br /> Kingdom: Plantae (plants) <br /> Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (berpembuluh) <br /> Superdivisio: Spermatophyta (produce seed) <br /> Divisio: Magnoliophyta (flowering) <br /> Class: Liliopsida (the users / monokotil) <br /> Sub-class: Commelinidae <br /> Knights: Poales <br /> The family: Poaceae (tribe herbaceous) <br /> Genus: Sorghum <br /> Species: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench <br /> <br />Close relatives: <br />Kusu-KusuUnknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-39390522729138865842008-08-29T13:03:00.001+07:002008-08-29T13:05:34.795+07:00Titan arum<strong>Titan arum</strong><br /><br /><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Titan-arum1web.jpg/200px-Titan-arum1web.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Titan-arum1web.jpg/200px-Titan-arum1web.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br /><br />The titan arum or Amorphophallus titanum (from Ancient Greek amorphos, "without form, misshapen" + phallos, "penis", and titan, "giant") is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. The largest single flower is borne by the Rafflesia arnoldii; the largest branched inflorescence in the plant kingdom belongs to the Talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera). The titan arum was originally discovered by an Italian botanist, Odoardo Beccari, in Sumatra in 1878. Though found in many botanic gardens around the world it is still indigenous only to the tropical forests of Sumatra. Due to its fragrance, which is reminiscent of the smell of a decomposing mammal[1], the titan arum is also known as a carrion flower, the "Corpse flower", or "Corpse plant" (in Indonesian, "bunga bangkai" – bunga means flower, while bangkai means corpse or cadaver; for the same reason, the same title is also attributed to Rafflesia which, like the titan arum, also grows in the rainforests of Sumatra).<br /><br />The popular name titan arum was invented by the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough, for his BBC TV series The Private Life of Plants, in which the flowering and pollination of the plant were filmed for the first time. Attenborough felt that constantly referring to the plant as Amorphophallus on a popular TV documentary would be inappropriate.<br /><br />WikipediaUnknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-5469514426953789512008-07-01T16:02:00.002+07:002008-07-01T16:07:29.582+07:00AdeniumAdenium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, containing a single species, Adenium obesum, also known as Sabi Star, Kudu or Desert-rose. It is native to tropical and subtropical eastern and southern Africa and Arabia.<br /><br />It is an evergreen succulent shrub in tropical climates and semi-deciduous to deciduous in colder climates, is also dependent on the particular species. Growing to 1-3 m in height, with pachycaul stems and a stout, swollen basal caudex. The leaves are spirally arranged, clustered toward the tips of the shoots, simple entire, leathery in texture, 5-15 cm long and 1-8 cm broad. The flowers are tubular, 2-5 cm long, with the outer portion 4-6 cm diameter with five petals, resembling those of other related genera such as Plumeria and Nerium. The flowers tend to red and pink, often with a whitish blush outward of the throat.<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://s257.photobucket.com/albums/hh224/rarzi/?action=view&current=Desert_Rose.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Photobucket" src="http://i257.photobucket.com/albums/hh224/rarzi/Desert_Rose.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Adenium obesum subsp. boehmianum. Namibia, Angola.<br />Adenium obesum subsp. obesum. Arabia.<br />Adenium obesum subsp. oleifolium. South Africa, Botswana.<br />Adenium obesum subsp. socotranum. Socotra.<br />Adenium obesum subsp. somalense. Eastern Africa.<br />Adenium obesum subsp. swazicum. Eastern South Africa.<br />Adenium Arabicum subsp. Arabicum. Thailand.<br />Adenium Arabicum subsp. Thai Socotranum Thailand.<br /><br /><br />Kingdom : Plantae<br />Division : Magnoliophyta<br />Class : Magnoliopsida<br />Order : Gentianales<br />Family : Apocynaceae<br />Genus : Adenium<br />Species : A. obesum<br />Binomial name<br />Adenium obesum(Forssk.) Roem. & Schult.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-24281264607199899612007-12-12T13:15:00.000+07:002007-12-12T13:18:55.320+07:00Bonsai<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi96JSEj-5cVDomhW4IWuYN7eQVJRCACv8S4MetYciRqSP0gP0ipZ8t-BKhpwcD_jFGKa-d3nyIOcajWl2AXQTfgeqxqFyGmwTRayjr9gYTUnnFxVYV2_Uzj_7p48dDE2rzyv_99dVTXMQ/s1600-h/bonsai.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5142966930946822290" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi96JSEj-5cVDomhW4IWuYN7eQVJRCACv8S4MetYciRqSP0gP0ipZ8t-BKhpwcD_jFGKa-d3nyIOcajWl2AXQTfgeqxqFyGmwTRayjr9gYTUnnFxVYV2_Uzj_7p48dDE2rzyv_99dVTXMQ/s400/bonsai.jpg" border="0" /></a>Picture from bonsai-italia.com </div><br /><br /><div align="justify">Bonsai (Japanese: , literally "potted plant") is the art of aesthetic miniaturization of trees by growing them in containers. Originating in Chinese penjing (Chinese: "tray scenery"), Japanese bonsai developed its localization of techniques and aesthetics after its introduction to Japan by imperial embassies returning from China in the ninth century. In Western culture, the word "bonsai" is commonly used as an umbrella term for all miniature trees. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-54887414542306648342007-12-06T17:14:00.000+07:002007-12-06T17:17:45.303+07:00Mawar (Rose)<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOxg8u4NJ7pqb2uCNhwv1Lxvd1LcH-6Tz_ZcCywXFZ397-6hO4L2xE3-nzhLtrwqbeldp5b4pnbHcgp_Zd8qll5F6GPHN0odRA8fu0dYwzzYONcGhLEuUOjOpFxvIlzeRQAMt9esJYsM/s1600-h/mawar.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5140801709481326722" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="145" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuOxg8u4NJ7pqb2uCNhwv1Lxvd1LcH-6Tz_ZcCywXFZ397-6hO4L2xE3-nzhLtrwqbeldp5b4pnbHcgp_Zd8qll5F6GPHN0odRA8fu0dYwzzYONcGhLEuUOjOpFxvIlzeRQAMt9esJYsM/s400/mawar.jpg" width="146" border="0" /></a><br /><div align="center">Picture from music.ireans.com</div><br /><br /><br /><div align="justify">A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. The species form a group of generally prickly shrubs or climbers, and sometimes trailing plants, reaching 2–5 metres tall, occasionally reaching as high as 20 metres by climbing over other plants. There are more than a hundred species of wild roses, all from the northern hemisphere and mostly from temperate regions.<br />A rose that has aged or gone rotten may not be particularly fragrant, but the rose's basic chemistry prevents it from producing a pungent odor of any kind. Notably, when balled and mashed together the fragrance of the rose is enhanced. The fragrance of particularly large balls of mashed roses is enhanced even further.<br />The sharp thorns of many rose species deter unauthorized persons from entering private properties, and may prevent break-ins if planted under windows and near drainpipes. The aesthetic characteristics of rose shrubs, in conjunction with their home security qualities, makes them a considerable alternative to artificial fences and walls<br />Rose hips are sometimes eaten, mainly for their vitamin C content. They are usually pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup, as the fine hairs surrounding the seeds are unpleasant to eat (resembling itching powder). They can also be used to make herbal tea, jam, jelly and marmalade. </div><div align="justify">Rose hips are also used to produce an oil used in skin products. Rose shrubs are often used by homeowners and landscape architects for home security purposes. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-575335927703732072007-12-05T12:28:00.000+07:002007-12-05T12:38:01.687+07:00List of Anthurium Species<div align="center"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDd9UvIGVFrjpvXMG0wFZZGPrGN8-wG2JsDVlBz5DLuPdqELwgO2IeyvAXoVpowUwYEINonXMwNEKVfYb2uWimEYKdogXimp481V2YcdHGe74z0Nw1R5RNpw2BaZB1o4uaDLBVhX99nY/s1600-h/anthurium.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5140357846086121586" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; CURSOR: hand; TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="134" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDd9UvIGVFrjpvXMG0wFZZGPrGN8-wG2JsDVlBz5DLuPdqELwgO2IeyvAXoVpowUwYEINonXMwNEKVfYb2uWimEYKdogXimp481V2YcdHGe74z0Nw1R5RNpw2BaZB1o4uaDLBVhX99nY/s400/anthurium.jpg" width="109" border="0" /></a> Picture from desert-tropicals.com</div><div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div><p><br /><br />This is a list of Anthurium species:<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Anthurium is a large genus of flowering plants from the arum family (Araceae)<br /><br />Anthurium digitatum - habit<br /><br /><br />Anthurium acaule Anthurium acaule var. ellipticum<br />Anthurium acaule var. scolopendrium<br /><br /><br />Anthurium acutangulum<br />Anthurium acutifolium Anthurium acutifolium var. acutifolium<br />Anthurium acutifolium var. herrerae<br /><br /><br />Anthurium acutinervium<br />Anthurium acutissimum<br />Anthurium acutum<br />Anthurium aduncum<br />Anthurium affine<br />Anthurium agnatum<br />Anthurium alatipedunculatum<br />Anthurium albaretii<br />Anthurium albicaule<br />Anthurium albidum<br />Anthurium albispatha<br />Anthurium albocostatum<br />Anthurium albovirescens<br /><br /><br />Flamingo Lily (Anthurium andreanum)<br /><br /><br />Anthurium album hort. (A. andreanum x A. clementinae)<br />Anthurium alegriasense<br />Anthurium alienigenum<br />Anthurium allendorfii x hort<br />Anthurium alticola<br />Anthurium amnicola<br />Anthurium amoenum Anthurium amoenum var. amoenum<br />Anthurium amoenum var. humile<br /><br /><br />Anthurium anceps<br />Anthurium x andegavense hort.<br />Anthurium andicola<br />Anthurium andinum<br />Anthurium andreanum : Flamingo Lily<br />Anthurium angosturense<br />Anthurium angamarcanum<br />Anthurium angustatum<br />Anthurium angustilaminatum Anthurium angustilaminatum subsp. angustilaminatum<br />Anthurium angustilaminatum subsp. cibuserpentis<br /><br /><br />Anthurium angustilobum<br />Anthurium angustinum<br />Anthurium angustisectum<br />Anthurium angustispadix<br />Anthurium anorianum<br />Anthurium antioquiense<br />Anthurium antonioanum<br />Anthurium antrophyoides<br />Anthurium apaporanum<br />Anthurium araliaefolium<br />Anthurium argyrostachyum<br />Anthurium aripoense<br />Anthurium arisaemoides<br />Anthurium aristatum<br />Anthurium armeniense<br />Anthurium aroense<br />Anthurium asplundii<br />Anthurium atropurpureum Anthurium atropurperum var. arenicola<br />Anthurium atropurpureum var. atropurpureum<br />Anthurium atropurpureum var. thomasii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium atroviride<br />Anthurium aucanum<br />Anthurium augustinum<br />Anthurium aureum<br />Anthurium auritum<br />Anthurium austinsmithii<br />Anthurium baezanum<br />Anthurium bakeri<br />Anthurium balaoanum<br />Anthurium balslevii<br />Anthurium barbadosense<br />Anthurium barclayanum<br />Anthurium barryi<br />Anthurium basirotundum<br />Anthurium belangeri<br />Anthurium bellum<br />Anthurium beltianum<br />Anthurium bernardii<br />Anthurium berriozabalense<br />Anthurium berryi<br />Anthurium besseae<br />Anthurium betanianum<br />Anthurium bicollectivum<br />Anthurium bicolor<br />Anthurium bimarginatum<br />Anthurium binotii<br />Anthurium bittneri<br />Anthurium blanchetianum<br />Anthurium bogotense<br />Anthurium bonplandii Anthurium bonplandii subsp. bonplandii<br />Anthurium bonplandii subsp. cuatrecasii<br />Anthurium bonplandii subsp. guayananum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium bradeanum<br />Anthurium bredemeyeri Anthurium bredemeyeri var. elongatum<br />Anthurium bredemeyeri var. lanceolatum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium brenesii<br />Anthurium brevilobum<br />Anthurium brevipedunculatum<br />Anthurium brevipes<br />Anthurium breviscapum<br />Anthurium brevispadix<br />Anthurium brewsteri<br />Anthurium brittonianum<br />Anthurium bromelicola Anthurium bromelicola subsp. bahiense<br />Anthurium bromelicola subsp? bromelicola<br /><br /><br />Anthurium brownii<br />Anthurium bucayanum<br />Anthurium buchtienii<br />Anthurium buganum Anthurium buganum var. acutangulum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium buglossum<br />Anthurium bulaoanum<br />Anthurium bullianum<br />Anthurium bullosum<br />Anthurium burfordiense x hort.<br />Anthurium burgeri<br />Anthurium bushii<br />Anthurium cabrerense<br />Anthurium cabuyalense<br />Anthurium cachabianum<br />Anthurium cainarachense<br />Anthurium calense<br />Anthurium caloveboranum<br />Anthurium campii<br />Anthurium camposii<br />Anthurium canaliculatum<br />Anthurium candolleanum<br />Anthurium caperatum<br />Anthurium caraboboense<br />Anthurium caramantae<br />Anthurium carchiense<br />Anthurium carinatum<br />Anthurium caripense<br />Anthurium carneospadix<br />Anthurium carnosum<br />Anthurium cartiense<br />Anthurium cartilagineum<br />Anthurium cataniapoense<br />Anthurium caucanum Anthurium caucanum var. maximum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium caulorrhizum<br />Anthurium ceratiinum<br />Anthurium ceronii<br />Anthurium cerrobaulense<br />Anthurium cerrocampanense<br />Anthurium cerropelonense<br />Anthurium cerropirrense<br />Anthurium chamberlaini<br />Anthurium chamulense Anthurium chamulense ssp. chamulense<br />Anthurium chamulense ssp. oaxacanum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium x chantinianum (A. andreanum x A. houletianum<br />Anthurium x chantrieri hort.) (A. subsignatum x A. nymphaeifolium<br />Anthurium x chelseiensis<br />Anthurium chiapasense Anthurium chiapasense ssp. chiapasense.<br />Anthurium chiapasense subsp. tlaxiacense<br /><br /><br />Anthurium chiriquense<br />Anthurium chlorostachyum<br />Anthurium chorense<br />Anthurium chorranum<br />Anthurium chromostachyum<br />Anthurium cineraceum<br />Anthurium cinereopetiolatum<br />Anthurium circinatum<br />Anthurium citrifolium Anthurium citrifolium var. purpureospadix<br />Anthurium citrifolium var. verruculosum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium clarinervium<br />Anthurium clathratum<br />Anthurium clavatum<br />Anthurium clavigerum<br />Anthurium cleistanthum<br />Anthurium x clementinae (A. lindenianum x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium clidemioides Anthurium clidemioides subsp. pacificum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium cochliodes<br />Anthurium coclense<br />Anthurium coerulescens<br />Anthurium cogolloanum<br />Anthurium collinsii<br />Anthurium colocasiaefolium<br />Anthurium colonense<br />Anthurium colonicum<br />Anthurium coloradense<br />Anthurium comtum<br />Anthurium concinnatum<br />Anthurium concolor<br />Anthurium conjuctum<br />Anthurium consimile<br />Anthurium consobrinum<br />Anthurium conspicuum<br />Anthurium conterminum<br />Anthurium corallinum<br />Anthurium cordatotriangulum<br />Anthurium cordatum<br />Anthurium cordifolium<br />Anthurium cordiforme Anthurium cordiforme var. divergens<br /><br /><br />Anthurium cordulatum<br />Anthurium coriaceum<br />Anthurium coripatense<br />Anthurium correae<br />Anthurium corrugatum<br />Anthurium costatum<br />Anthurium cotobrusii<br />Anthurium cowanii<br />Anthurium crassifolium<br />Anthurium crassilaminum<br />Anthurium crassinervium Anthurium crassinervium var. caatingae<br /><br /><br />Anthurium crassipes<br />Anthurium crassiradix Anthurium crassiradix var. crassiradix<br />Anthurium crassiradix var. purpureospadix<br /><br /><br />Anthurium crassitepalum<br />Anthurium crassivenium<br />Anthurium cremersii<br />Anthurium crenatum<br />Anthurium croatii<br />Anthurium x crombezianum x hort.<br />Anthurium x cruentum<br />Anthurium crystallinum Anthurium crystallinum fo. peltifolium<br /><br /><br />Anthurium cuasicanum<br />Anthurium cubense<br />Anthurium cucullatum<br />Anthurium cucullispathum<br />Anthurium cuenzanum<br />Anthurium x cultorum<br />Anthurium cultrifolium<br />Anthurium cundinamarcense<br />Anthurium cuneatissimum<br />Anthurium cupreonitens<br />Anthurium cupreum<br />Anthurium cupulispathum<br />Anthurium curtispadix<br />Anthurium curvatum<br />Anthurium curvilaminum<br />Anthurium curvispadix<br />Anthurium cuspidatum<br />Anthurium cuspidiferum<br />Anthurium cutucuense<br />Anthurium cymbiforme<br />Anthurium cymbispatha<br />Anthurium cyrtopodum hort.<br />Anthurium davidsoniae<br />Anthurium debilipeltatum<br />Anthurium decurrens<br />Anthurium deflexum<br />Anthurium dendrobates<br />Anthurium denudatum<br />Anthurium x desmetianum x hort (A. leopoldianum x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium devansayanum<br />Anthurium dichrophyllum<br />Anthurium dictyophyllum<br />Anthurium digitatum<br />Anthurium discolor<br />Anthurium dolichophyllum<br />Anthurium dolichostachyum<br />Anthurium dombeyanum<br />Anthurium dominicense Anthurium dominicense var. sintenisii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium draconopterum<br />Anthurium dressleri<br />Anthurium dukei<br />Anthurium durandii<br />Anthurium dussii<br />Anthurium dwyeri<br />Anthurium eburneum<br />Anthurium ecuadorense<br />Anthurium eduardii<br />Anthurium effusilobum<br />Anthurium eggersii<br />Anthurium eichleri<br />Anthurium elatius<br />Anthurium elegantulum<br />Anthurium ellipsoideum<br />Anthurium emarginatum<br />Anthurium eminens<br />Anthurium engleri<br />Anthurium erectum<br />Anthurium ernestii Anthurium ernestii var. oellgaardii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium erythrocarpum<br />Anthurium erythropodum<br />Anthurium erythrostachyum<br />Anthurium esmeraldense<br />Anthurium x excelsior x hort<br />Anthurium eximium<br />Anthurium expansum<br />Anthurium exstipulatum<br />Anthurium falcatum<br />Anthurium fasciale<br />Anthurium x fastuosum hort<br />Anthurium fatoense<br />Anthurium fendleri<br />Anthurium fernandezii<br />Anthurium x ferrierense (A. andreanum x A. nymphaeifolium)<br />Anthurium filiforme<br />Anthurium flavescens<br />Anthurium flavidum<br />Anthurium flavo-lineatum<br />Anthurium flavoviride<br />Anthurium flexile Anthurium flexile ssp. flexile<br />Anthurium flexile ssp. muelleri<br /><br /><br />Anthurium folsomianum<br />Anthurium fontoides<br />Anthurium foreroanum<br />Anthurium forgetii<br />Anthurium formosum<br />Anthurium fornicifolium<br />Anthurium fragrantissimum<br />Anthurium fraseri<br />Anthurium friedrichsthalii<br />Anthurium x froebelii hort. (A. ornatum x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium fulvo-lineatum<br />Anthurium funiferum<br />Anthurium furcatum<br />Anthurium fusiforme<br />Anthurium fuscopunctatum<br />Anthurium gaffurii<br />Anthurium galactospadix<br />Anthurium x galeottii hort.<br />Anthurium x gandavense hort.<br />Anthurium gandogeri<br />Anthurium gaudichaudianum Anthurium gaudichaudianum var. chamissonis<br />Anthurium gaudichaudianum var. cuneifolium<br />Anthurium gaudichaudianum var. libonianum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium gehrigeri<br />Anthurium geitnerianum<br />Anthurium geniculatum<br />Anthurium gentryi<br />Anthurium gilgii<br />Anthurium ginesii<br />Anthurium gladiifolium<br />Anthurium glanduligerum<br />Anthurium glaucophyllum<br />Anthurium glaucospadix<br />Anthurium globosum<br />Anthurium gloriosum<br />Anthurium x goldringi hort.<br />Anthurium gonzalezii<br />Anthurium gracile<br />Anthurium gracililaminum<br />Anthurium gracilipedunculatum<br />Anthurium gracilispadix<br />Anthurium gracilistipum<br />Anthurium grande<br />Anthurium grandifolium<br />Anthurium x greigii hort<br />Anthurium grex-avium<br />Anthurium x greyanum hort<br />Anthurium griseum<br />Anthurium x grusonii<br />Anthurium gualeanum<br />Anthurium guallupense<br />Anthurium guanacense<br />Anthurium guanchezii<br />Anthurium guayaquilense<br />Anthurium guildingii<br />Anthurium gunnarii<br />Anthurium gustavii<br />Anthurium guyaquilense<br />Anthurium gymnopus<br />Anthurium hacumense<br />Anthurium hagsaterianum<br />Anthurium hahnii<br />Anthurium halmoorei<br />Anthurium hammelii<br />Anthurium x hardyanum (A. andreanum x A. eduardii<br />Anthurium harlingianum<br />Anthurium harrisii Anthurium harrisii fo. assimile<br />Anthurium harrisii var. assimile<br />Anthurium harrisii fo. beyrichianum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. beyrichianum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. consanguineum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. erythropodum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. grahamianum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. ianthinopodum<br />Anthurium harrisii var. intermedium<br />Anthurium harrisii var. pulchrum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium hastaefolium<br />Anthurium x hastiferum hort. (A. leuconeurum x A. subsignatum?)<br />Anthurium hebetatilaminum<br />Anthurium hebetatum<br />Anthurium hebetatilaminum<br />Anthurium heptaphyllum<br />Anthurium x hero (A. crystallinum x A. veitchii)<br />Anthurium herthae<br />Anthurium heteroclitum<br />Anthurium hickenii Anthurium hickenii var. leiophyllum<br />Anthurium hickenii var. ovaliellipticum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium hieronymi<br />Anthurium hoehnei<br />Anthurium hoffmannii<br />Anthurium x hollandi hort.<br />Anthurium holmgrenii<br />Anthurium holmnielsenii Anthurium holtonianum var. cohaerens<br /><br /><br />Anthurium hookeri Anthurium hookeri var. longecuneatum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium hooveri<br />Anthurium hornitense<br />Anthurium x hortulanum<br />Anthurium x hrubyi hort. (A.? walujewii x A.? spendidum)<br />Anthurium huallagense<br />Anthurium huanucense<br />Anthurium huixtlense<br />Anthurium humboldtianum Anthurium humboldtianum subsp. viridispadix<br /><br /><br />Anthurium humoense<br />Anthurium hutchisonii<br />Anthurium x hybridum hort.<br />Anthurium hygrophilum<br />Anthurium hylaeum<br />Anthurium hylophilum<br />Anthurium idmense<br />Anthurium imperiale<br />Anthurium impolitum<br />Anthurium incomptum<br />Anthurium interruptum Anthurium incomptum var. wintersii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium inconspicuum<br />Anthurium incurvatum Anthurium incurvatum var. elatius<br /><br /><br />Anthurium incurvum<br />Anthurium infectorium<br />Anthurium insculptum<br />Anthurium insigne<br />Anthurium interruptum<br />Anthurium inzanum<br />Anthurium iramirezae<br />Anthurium x isarense (A. veitchii x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium isertianum<br />Anthurium itanhaense<br />Anthurium jamesoni<br />Anthurium jaramilloi<br />Anthurium jefense<br />Anthurium jenmanii<br />Anthurium jilekii<br />Anthurium jimenae<br />Anthurium johnsoniae<br />Anthurium jorgensenii<br />Anthurium julianii Anthurium julianii subsp. smaragdinum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium julospadix<br />Anthurium jureianum<br />Anthurium kallunkiae<br />Anthurium kamemotoanum<br />Anthurium karstenianum<br />Anthurium kastelskii<br />Anthurium x kellerianum hort. (A. leuconeurum x A. sp.),<br />Anthurium kellermannii<br />Anthurium knappiae<br />Anthurium kolbii<br />Anthurium kunthii<br />Anthurium lacerdae<br />Anthurium laciniosum<br />Anthurium lactifructum<br />Anthurium x laingi hort. (A. andreanum x A. chantrieri)<br />Anthurium lancea<br />Anthurium lanceolatum<br />Anthurium lancetillense<br />Anthurium x lanceum (A. galeotii x A. miquelianum)<br />Anthurium lancifolium Anthurium lancifolium var. albifructum<br />Anthurium lancifolium var. lancifolium<br /><br /><br />Anthurium langsdorffii<br />Anthurium lanjouwii<br />Anthurium latecordatum<br />Anthurium latemarginatum<br />Anthurium latifolium<br />Anthurium latissimum<br />Anthurium x laucheanum hort<br />Anthurium laucheanum<br />Anthurium x lawrenceanum (A. andreanum x A. houletranum)<br />Anthurium lechlerianum<br />Anthurium lehmannii<br />Anthurium lennartii<br />Anthurium lentii<br />Anthurium x leodiense hort<br />Anthurium leonardianum<br />Anthurium leonianum<br />Anthurium leopoldianum<br />Anthurium leptocaule<br />Anthurium leptostachyum<br />Anthurium leuconeurum<br />Anthurium leucostachyum<br />Anthurium leveillei<br />Anthurium lezamae<br />Anthurium lhotzkyanum<br />Anthurium x liervali hort<br />Anthurium lievenii<br />Anthurium lilacinum<br />Anthurium x lindenianum hort.<br />Anthurium lindmanianum<br />Anthurium lineolatum<br />Anthurium lingua<br />Anthurium linguifolium<br />Anthurium litanum<br />Anthurium lividispica<br />Anthurium llanense Anthurium llanoense subsp. oblongispicum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium llewelynii<br />Anthurium loefgrenii<br />Anthurium longegeniculatum<br />Anthurium longicaudatum<br />Anthurium longicuspidatum<br />Anthurium longifolium Anthurium longifolium var. elongellum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium longilaminatum<br />Anthurium longipeltatum<br />Anthurium longipes<br />Anthurium longispadiceum<br />Anthurium longissimum Anthurium longissimum subsp. nirguense<br /><br /><br />Anthurium longistamineum<br />Anthurium longistipitatum<br />Anthurium loretense<br />Anthurium louisii<br />Anthurium lubbersianum<br />Anthurium lucens<br />Anthurium lucidum<br />Anthurium lucorum<br />Anthurium lunatum<br />Anthurium luteolum<br />Anthurium lutescens<br />Anthurium luteynii<br />Anthurium macarenense<br />Anthurium macbridei<br />Anthurium macdanielii<br />Anthurium machetioides<br />Anthurium macrocephalum<br />Anthurium x macrolobium hort. (A. leuconeurum x A. pedatoradiatum)<br />Anthurium macrolonchium<br />Anthurium macrophyllum<br />Anthurium macrophyllum<br />Anthurium macrospadix<br />Anthurium macrostachyum<br />Anthurium macrourum<br />Anthurium maculosum<br />Anthurium madisonianum<br />Anthurium magnificum<br />Anthurium magnifolium<br />Anthurium maguirei<br />Anthurium x makoyanum hort.<br />Anthurium malianum<br />Anthurium manabianum<br />Anthurium mancuniense<br />Anthurium manuanum<br />Anthurium marense<br />Anthurium margaricarpum<br />Anthurium marinoanum<br />Anthurium marmoratum<br />Anthurium martianum<br />Anthurium masfense<br />Anthurium maximiliani<br />Anthurium melampyi<br />Anthurium melastomatis<br />Anthurium membranaceum<br />Anthurium mendoncai<br />Anthurium metallicum<br />Anthurium michelii<br />Anthurium miconiifolium<br />Anthurium microphyllum<br />Anthurium microstachyum<br />Anthurium minarum<br />Anthurium mindense<br />Anthurium miniatum<br />Anthurium microspadix<br />Anthurium miquelianum<br />Anthurium montanum<br />Anthurium monteverdense<br />Anthurium monticolum<br />Anthurium monzonense<br />Anthurium moonenii<br />Anthurium mooreanum<br />Anthurium x mortfontanense (A. andreanum x A. magnificum)<br />Anthurium mourai<br />Anthurium multinervium<br />Anthurium multisulcatum<br />Anthurium myosuroides<br />Anthurium myosurus<br />Anthurium nakamurae<br />Anthurium nanegalense<br />Anthurium nanospadix<br />Anthurium nanum<br />Anthurium napaeum<br />Anthurium narinoense<br />Anthurium navasii<br />Anthurium nelsonii<br />Anthurium nemorale<br />Anthurium nemoricola<br />Anthurium nervatum<br />Anthurium nicolasianum<br />Anthurium nigrescens<br />Anthurium nigropunctatum<br />Anthurium niqueanum<br />Anthurium nitens<br />Anthurium nitidulum<br />Anthurium nitidum<br />Anthurium nizandense<br />Anthurium nubicola<br />Anthurium nymphaeifolium Anthurium nymphaeifolium var. cochleatum<br />Anthurium nymphaeifolium var. furcatum<br />Anthurium nymphaeifolium var. nymphaefolium<br /><br /><br />Anthurium obliquatum<br />Anthurium oblongatum<br />Anthurium oblongifolium<br />Anthurium oblongo-cordatum<br />Anthurium obscurinervium<br />Anthurium obtegens<br />Anthurium obtusatum<br />Anthurium obtusifolium<br />Anthurium obtusilobum<br />Anthurium obtusum<br />Anthurium occidentale<br />Anthurium ochraceum<br />Anthurium ochranthum<br />Anthurium ochreatum<br />Anthurium ochrostachyum Anthurium oernestii var. oellgaardii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium oerstedianum<br />Anthurium olfersianum Anthurium olfersianum var. acutangulum<br />Anthurium olfersianum var. alienigenum<br />Anthurium olfersianum var. leptostachyum<br />Anthurium olfersianum var. vellozianum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium oreodoxum Anthurium oreodoxum var. cupreum<br />Anthurium oreodoxum var. stipitatum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium oreophilum<br />Anthurium organense<br />Anthurium orientale<br />Anthurium x ortgiesii' hort<br />Anthurium ottonis<br />Anthurium ovandense<br />Anthurium ovatifolium<br />Anthurium ovatum<br />Anthurium oxybelium<br />Anthurium oxycarpum.<br />Anthurium oxyphyllum<br />Anthurium oxystachyum<br />Anthurium pachylaminum<br />Anthurium pachyphyllum<br />Anthurium pachyspathum<br />Anthurium pageanum<br />Anthurium palacioanum<br />Anthurium palenquense<br />Anthurium pallatangense<br />Anthurium pallens<br />Anthurium pallidiflorum<br />Anthurium x pallidinervium (A. andreanum x A. warocqueanum)<br />Anthurium palmatum<br />Anthurium paludosum<br />Anthurium panamense<br />Anthurium panduriforme<br />Anthurium pangoanum<br />Anthurium papillilaminum<br />Anthurium papillosum<br />Anthurium x paradisae (A. andreanum x A. ornatum)<br />Anthurium paradisicum<br />Anthurium paraguayense Anthurium paraguayense var. coroicoanum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium parambae<br />Anthurium pariense<br />Anthurium parile<br />Anthurium parvispathum<br />Anthurium parvum<br />Anthurium pastazanum<br />Anthurium patulum<br />Anthurium pauciflorum<br />Anthurium paucinerve<br />Anthurium pedatoradiatum Anthurium pedatoradiatum ssp. helleborifolium<br />Anthurium pedatoradiatum ssp. pedatoradiatum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium pedatum<br />Anthurium pedunculare<br />Anthurium pedunculare var. intermedium<br />Anthurium pellucidopunctatum<br />Anthurium peltatum<br />Anthurium peltigerum<br />Anthurium pendens<br />Anthurium pendulifolium<br />Anthurium pendulispadix<br />Anthurium penningtonii<br />Anthurium pentaphyllum Anthurium pentaphyllum var. bombacifolium<br />Anthurium pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium pergamentaceum<br />Anthurium perijanum<br />Anthurium x perversum (A. leuconeurum x A. sp.)<br />Anthurium petrophilum<br />Anthurium pfitzeri<br />Anthurium philodendroides Anthurium pichinchae fo. rigescens<br /><br /><br />Anthurium pilonense<br />Anthurium pirottae<br />Anthurium pirrense<br />Anthurium pittieri Anthurium pittieri var. fogdenii<br />Anthurium pittieri var. morii<br />Anthurium pittieri var. pittieri<br /><br /><br />Anthurium plantagineum<br />Anthurium platyrhizum<br />Anthurium plowmanii<br />Anthurium pluricostatum<br />Anthurium plurisulcatum<br />Anthurium pluviaticum<br />Anthurium podophyllum<br />Anthurium pohlianum<br />Anthurium poiteanum<br />Anthurium polydactylum<br />Anthurium polyneuron<br />Anthurium polyphlebium<br />Anthurium polyschistum<br />Anthurium polystictum Anthurium porrectum var. microspadix<br /><br /><br />Anthurium praealtum<br />Anthurium praemontanum<br />Anthurium pranceanum<br />Anthurium procerum<br />Anthurium prolatum<br />Anthurium prominens<br />Anthurium propinquum Anthurium propinquum var. albispadix<br /><br /><br />Anthurium protensum Anthurium protensum ssp. arcuatum<br />Anthurium protensum ssp. protensum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium pseudoclavigerum<br />Anthurium pseudospectabile<br />Anthurium psilostachyum<br />Anthurium psilurum<br />Anthurium ptarianum<br />Anthurium puberulinervium<br />Anthurium puelanum<br />Anthurium pulchellum<br />Anthurium pulverulentum Anthurium pulverulentum var. adsimile<br /><br /><br />Anthurium punctatum<br />Anthurium purdieanum Anthurium purdieanum var. revolutum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium purpureospathum<br />Anthurium purpureum<br />Anthurium x pynaertii [(A. andreanum x A. lindenianum) x A. andreanum]<br />Anthurium pyrifolium<br />Anthurium quindiuense<br />Anthurium quinquenervium<br />Anthurium quinquesulcatum<br />Anthurium quitense<br />Anthurium radiatum<br />Anthurium radicans<br />Anthurium rafaelense<br />Anthurium raimundii<br />Anthurium ramonense<br />Anthurium ranchoanum<br />Anthurium ravenii<br />Anthurium redolens<br />Anthurium reflexinervium<br />Anthurium reflexum<br />Anthurium regale<br />Anthurium x regelii (A. trilobum x A. ochranthum)<br />Anthurium remotigeniculatum<br />Anthurium reptans<br />Anthurium resectum<br />Anthurium reticulatum Anthurium reticulatum var. truncatulum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium retiferum<br />Anthurium retusum<br />Anthurium rhizophorum<br />Anthurium rhodorhizum<br />Anthurium rhodostachyum<br />Anthurium ricaurtense<br />Anthurium x ridolfianum<br />Anthurium rigescens<br />Anthurium rigidifolium<br />Anthurium x rigousti hort.<br />Anthurium rimbachii<br />Anthurium riofrioi<br />Anthurium riograndicolum<br />Anthurium rionegrense<br />Anthurium riparium<br />Anthurium rivulare<br />Anthurium rivulorum<br />Anthurium x robustum hort. (A. regale x A. sp.)<br />Anthurium robustum<br />Anthurium rodrigueziae<br />Anthurium roraimense<br />Anthurium x rosaeflorum hort.<br />Anthurium roseospadix<br />Anthurium x roseum hort.<br />Anthurium x rothschildianum hort.<br />Anthurium rotundilobum<br />Anthurium x rotundispathum (A. lindenianum x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium rotundistigmatum<br />Anthurium rubescens<br />Anthurium rubrifructum<br />Anthurium rubrinervium<br />Anthurium rugulosum<br />Anthurium rupestre<br />Anthurium rupicola<br />Anthurium rzedowskii<br />Anthurium saccardoi<br />Anthurium sagawae<br />Anthurium sagittale<br />Anthurium sagittatum<br />Anthurium sagittellum<br />Anthurium x salmoneum hort. (A. lindenianum x A. andreanum)<br />Anthurium salvadorense<br />Anthurium salviniae<br />Anthurium sanctifidense<br />Anthurium x sanderi hort.<br />Anthurium sanguineum<br />Anthurium santiagoense<br />Anthurium sapense<br />Anthurium sarmentosum Anthurium sarmentosum var. brachypodum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium sarmentosum var. ficifolium<br />Anthurium sarukhanianum<br />Anthurium saxosum<br />Anthurium scaberulum<br />Anthurium scabrinerve Anthurium scabrinerve var. lloense<br /><br /><br />Anthurium scandens : Pearl Laceleaf Anthurium scandens ssp. pusillum<br />Anthurium scandens ssp. scandens<br />Anthurium scandens var. dolosum<br />Anthurium scandens var. latifolium<br />Anthurium scandens var. leucocarpum<br />Anthurium scandens var. ovalifolia<br />Anthurium scandens var. scandens<br />Anthurium scandens var. sodiroi<br /><br /><br />Anthurium scherzerianum : Flamingo Plant, Banner Plant Anthurium scherzerianum var. albo-punctatum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. albo-striatum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. atrosanguineum hort.<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. aurorae hort.<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. bruxellense<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. carnotianum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. eburneum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. foliatum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. gallicum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. gandavense<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. giganteum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. minutepunctatum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. peetersianum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. rodigasianum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. rotundispathaceum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. stipitatum<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. vallerandiae<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. viridescens<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. viridimaculata<br />Anthurium scherzerianum var. williamsii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium schlechtendalii Anthurium schlechtendalii ssp. jimenezii<br />Anthurium schlechtendalii ssp. schlechtendalii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium x schmidtscheni hort<br />Anthurium schottianum<br />Anthurium schunkei<br />Anthurium sclerophyllum<br />Anthurium seibertii<br />Anthurium seleri<br />Anthurium selloum<br />Anthurium sellowianum<br />Anthurium septuplinervium<br />Anthurium siccisilvarum<br />Anthurium signatum<br />Anthurium silanchense<br />Anthurium silvicolum<br />Anthurium silvigaudens<br />Anthurium simpsonii<br />Anthurium sinuatum<br />Anthurium smaragdinum<br />Anthurium smilaciforme<br />Anthurium smithii<br />Anthurium sodiroanum<br />Anthurium soederstroemii<br />Anthurium solitarium<br />Anthurium solomonii<br />Anthurium soukupii<br />Anthurium sparreorum<br />Anthurium spathiphyllum<br />Anthurium spathulifolium<br />Anthurium spectabile<br />Anthurium x splendidum hort<br />Anthurium standleyi<br />Anthurium stans<br />Anthurium stenoglossum<br />Anthurium stipitatum<br />Anthurium stipulosum<br />Anthurium striatipes<br />Anthurium striatum<br />Anthurium striolatum<br />Anthurium stuebelii<br />Anthurium subcarinatum<br />Anthurium subcaudatum<br />Anthurium subcoerulescens<br />Anthurium subcordatum Anthurium subcordatum ssp. chlorocardium<br /><br /><br />Anthurium subdeltoideum<br />Anthurium subellipticum<br />Anthurium subhastatum<br />Anthurium subovatum<br />Anthurium. subrotundum<br />Anthurium subsagittatum<br />Anthurium subscriptum<br />Anthurium subsignatum Anthurium subsignatum var. garagaranum<br />Anthurium subsignatum var. rotundilobatum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium subtriangulare<br />Anthurium subtrigonum<br />Anthurium subtrilobum<br />Anthurium subtruncatum<br />Anthurium subulatum<br />Anthurium sucrii<br />Anthurium sulcatum<br />Anthurium superbum Anthurium superbum ssp. brentberlinii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium supianum<br />Anthurium supraglandulum<br />Anthurium sytsmae<br />Anthurium tacarcunense<br />Anthurium tachiranum<br />Anthurium tamaense<br />Anthurium tarapotense<br />Anthurium tatei<br />Anthurium tenaense<br />Anthurium tenerum<br />Anthurium tenuicaule<br />Anthurium tenuifolium<br />Anthurium tenuispica<br />Anthurium teribense<br />Anthurium terracolum<br />Anthurium terryae<br />Anthurium testaceum<br />Anthurium theresiopolitanum<br />Anthurium thrinax<br />Anthurium tikunorum<br />Anthurium tilaranense<br />Anthurium timplowmanii<br />Anthurium tingomariense<br />Anthurium titanium<br />Anthurium tlaxiacense<br />Anthurium tolimense<br />Anthurium tonduzii<br />Anthurium tonianum<br />Anthurium treleasei<br />Anthurium trianae<br />Anthurium tricarinatum<br />Anthurium tridigitatum<br />Anthurium x trilobum hort.<br />Anthurium trinerve<br />Anthurium trinervium<br />Anthurium triphyllum<br />Anthurium trisectum<br />Anthurium trisulcatum<br />Anthurium truncicolum Anthurium truncicolum var. brevilobum<br />Anthurium truncicolum var. platylobum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium tutense<br />Anthurium tysonii<br />Anthurium uleanum Anthurium uleanum var. nanayense<br />Anthurium uleanum var. uleanum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium umbraculum<br />Anthurium umbricolum Anthurium umbricolum var. rupicolum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium umbrosum<br />Anthurium upalaense<br />Anthurium urbanii<br />Anthurium utleyorum<br />Anthurium validifolium<br />Anthurium validinervium<br />Anthurium vallense<br />Anthurium x van wambekeanum hort. Anthurium variabile var. ottonianum<br />Anthurium variabile var. variabile<br /><br /><br />Anthurium variegatum<br />Anthurium vaupesianum<br />Anthurium veitcheum hort.<br />Anthurium veitchii Anthurium veitchii var. acuminatum<br />Anthurium veitchii var. veitchii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium velutium<br />Anthurium venosum<br />Anthurium ventanasense<br />Anthurium verapazense<br />Anthurium versicolor<br />Anthurium vestitum<br />Anthurium vinillense<br />Anthurium viridescens<br />Anthurium vittariiflolium<br />Anthurium vittariifolium<br />Anthurium vomeriforme<br />Anthurium vulcanicum<br />Anthurium wagenerianum<br />Anthurium wallisii<br />Anthurium waluiewi<br />Anthurium wambeckeanum<br />Anthurium warocqueanum<br />Anthurium watermaliense<br />Anthurium weberbaueri<br />Anthurium wedelianum Anthurium wedelianum ssp. viridispadix<br />Anthurium wedelianum ssp. wedelianum<br /><br /><br />Anthurium wendlingeri<br />Anthurium werffii<br />Anthurium willdenowii Anthurium willdenowii var. brevifolium<br />Anthurium willdenowii var. pohlii<br /><br /><br />Anthurium willifordii<br />Anthurium x wittmackii hort.<br />Anthurium wolfii<br />Anthurium wullschlagelii<br />Anthurium wurdackii<br />Anthurium xanthoneurum<br />Anthurium xanthophylloides<br />Anthurium yarumalense<br />Anthurium yetlense<br />Anthurium yurimaguense<br />Anthurium yutajense </p><p> </p><p>Source from wikipedia</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-66210229642445918832007-11-15T11:23:00.001+07:002007-11-15T11:23:30.026+07:00Current IssuesDeforestation is currently a major problem in Indonesia. As a highly populous country with the tendency of rapid industrialisation, the need of natural resources and land also increases. Illegally created wildfire causes heavy smog around Indonesia's neighbour countries. According to the Indonesian department of forestry, there are currently 174 plants endemic in Indonesia listed as endangered species. Maintaining the balance between the need of economical growth of the country and the preservation of its natural heritage is not an easy duty. Just like other developing nations, Indonesia is currently trying to keep this balance. Ecotourism might be one solution to this problem. Using the biodiversity, Indonesia might improve the economical status of its issolated regions.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-3467599576832284412007-11-15T11:22:00.001+07:002007-11-15T11:22:42.952+07:00National Love Flora and Fauna DayIn order to build respect and love for the Indonesian flora and fauna, the government has declared November 5 as the national love flora and fauna day. Annually there are postage stamps released with this motto. They show pictures of plants and animals, which are endemic or unique for a specific region or a province of Indonesia.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-23748400083602227562007-11-15T11:21:00.001+07:002007-11-15T11:21:53.419+07:00Indonesia's National FlowersOn 5 June 1990, in a ceremony to mark the World Environment Day, President Soeharto declared three flowers as Indonesia's national flowers. These are the melati (Jasminum sambac), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, that plays an important role in the culture of Indonesia, the anggrek bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and of course the Rafflesia arnoldi.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-9141411700675575322007-11-15T11:20:00.002+07:002007-11-15T11:21:11.842+07:00West Papua and PapuaThe flora of this region has somewhat the influence of the Australian continent. This region contain a continuous transect from snow cap mountains, lowland wetlands to tropical marine environment. This is the perfect place for such a huge number of diverse plant species. It has been estimated, that Papua and west Papua might consist about 20,000 to 25,000 species of vascular plants. An astonishing 60-90% of them may be endemic to this region. Little is known about the species of this region though.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-85189408225249933062007-11-15T11:20:00.001+07:002007-11-15T11:20:40.404+07:00WallaceaIt is estimated, that there are about 10,000 species of plants in this biodiversity hotspot region. About 1,200 species and 12 genera are endemic. The island of Sulawesi has about 500 endemic plant species. The islands of Moluccas have about 300 endemic plant species and the Lesser Sunda Islands consist of at least 120 endemic plant species. Little is known about the flora of this region. Three of these unique species; Agathis spp, Pterocarpus indicus, and Eucalyptus deglupta, are mentioned as examples.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-69194253129283616322007-11-15T11:19:00.000+07:002007-11-15T11:20:05.476+07:00SundalandSundaland, which is located on the west part of the Indonesian archipelago, holds about 25,000 different species of plants. 15,000 of them are endemic to this region and cannot be found anywhere else. The Scyphostegiaceae is a plant family, which is represented by a single species, Scyphostegia borneensis, which is endemic in Borneo. Another 155 species of Dipterocarpus are also endemic to this island. Borneo also has more than 2,000 species of orchids. The forests in Sumatra include more than 100 species of Dipterocarpus, nearly a dozen of them are endemic to this island. The island Java has about 270 endemic orchid species. At least 117 plant genera are endemic in this biodiversity hotspot. 59 of them are found in Borneo and 17 in Sumatra. Unique plants from this region are similar to ones from the Asian continent, mentioning Rafflesia arnoldii, the pitcher plants and Javanese Edelweiss (Anaphalis javanica) as examples.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-39324028375342810662007-11-15T11:18:00.000+07:002007-11-15T11:19:06.472+07:00Biodiversity HotspotsAccording to the Conservation International, there are currently two biodiversity hotspots in Indonesia. These are the Wallacea and the Sundaland.)Although not included in these hotspots the provinces of west Papua and Papua also consist a large biodiversity. The Lorentz National Park, located in the province of Papua has been declared since 1999 as the natural world heritage through the UNESCO.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-66617817900661838202007-11-15T11:17:00.000+07:002007-11-15T11:18:04.654+07:00Vegetation TypesIndonesia’s terrestrial flora can be collected into characteristic vegetation groups. The most important determinant is rainfall, followed by temperature which affects water availability. The distribution of Indonesian flora is dominated by the broadleaf evergreen forests. This is mostly seen in the region, where the population density is still relatively low, i.e. Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and West Papua. In Java and Bali the vegetation is dominated by cultivated plants. Along the coastal lines swamp forests, mangrove and nipa palm forests can be found. On the mountainous regions subalpine and alpine vegetations are dominant. In the lesser Sunda islands, where rainfall is not as plentious as in other parts of Indonesia, grasslands are regularly seen.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-14906654668842256632007-11-15T11:16:00.000+07:002007-11-15T11:17:21.031+07:00Origin of Indonesian FloraThe origin of flora in Indonesia is heavily affected by geographical and geological events in Asian continent and Australasian continent (now Australia). The present New Guinea island was connected with the present Australia continent, forming a supercontinent called the southern supercontinent Gondwana. This supercontinent began to break up 140 million years ago, and the New Guinea region (previously known as Sahul) moved towards the equator. As a result, animals from New Guinea traveled to Australian continent and vice versa, creating many different species living in different ecosystems. This activities still occur until the two regions separated completely. Asian continent influences, on the other hand, is the result of the reformation of the Laurasia supercontinent, which existed after the breakup of Rodinia around 1 billion years ago. Around 200 million years ago, the Laurasia supercontinent split completely, forming Laurentia (now America) and Eurasia continents. Although this occurred, the mainland of the Eurasia continent, including China, was not separated completely from the Indonesian archipelago. As a result, plants from the Eurasia mainland could propagate to the archipelago, and, under a different ecosystems, new forms of species were formed. In the nineteenth century, Alfred Russel Wallace proposed the idea of the Wallace Line, which is a line that divides Indonesian archipelago into two regions, the Asian biogeographical region (Sundaland) and the Australasia biogeographical Region (Wallacea). The line runs through the Malay Archipelago, between Borneo and Sulawesi (Celebes); and between Bali and Lombok. The Indonesian archipelago, home of the Spice Islands, has been known since ancient time as the source of spices, such as clove, nutmeg, and pepper. The Molucca islands were, until the late eighteenth century, the only source of economically significant spices. In the colonial time, clove and nutmeg were the most valuable commodities after gold and silver for the most Europeans. During the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia, the Dutch also created many plantages of coffee, tea and sugar cane, mostly in Java. Along with the history of Indonesia the sailors from India, China and Europe have brought also new kinds of plant species to this archipelago. Plant species, which are not native to this archipelago, such as tea, coffee and rubber tree are then established.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-2265750678915603452007-11-15T11:14:00.000+07:002007-11-15T11:16:17.918+07:00The Flora of IndonesiaThe flora of Indonesia consists of many unique varieties of tropical plants. Blessed with a tropical climate and around 18,000 islands, Indonesia is a nation with the second largest biodiversity in the world. The flora of Indonesia reflects an intermingling of Asian, Australian and the native species. This is due to the geography of Indonesia, located between two continents. The archipelago consists of a variety of regions from the tropical rain forests of the northern lowlands and the seasonal forests of the southern lowlands through the hill and mountain vegetation, to subalpine shrub vegetation. Having the second longest shoreline in the world, Indonesia also has many regions of swamps and coastal vegetation. Combined together, these all give rise to a huge vegetational biodiversity. There are about 28,000 species of flowering plants in Indonesia, consisting 2500 different kinds of orchids, 6000 traditional medicinal plants used as Jamu., 122 species of bamboo, over 350 species of rattan and 400 species of Dipterocarpus, including ebony, sandalwood and teakwood. Indonesia is also home to some unusual species such as carnivorous plants. One exceptional species is known as Rafflesia arnoldi, named after Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and Dr. Arnold, who discovered the flower in the depths of Bengkulu, southwest Sumatra. This parasitic plant has a large flower, does not produce leaves and grow on a certain liana on the rain forest floor. Another unusual plant is Amorphophallus titanum from Sumatra. Numerous species of insect trapping pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) can also be found in Borneo, Sumatra, and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-74719867131254103632007-10-18T12:46:00.002+07:002007-10-18T12:47:30.447+07:00The Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis)The Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis)<br /><br />PhalaenopsisPhalaenopsis (Blume 1825) is a genus of approximately 60 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae). The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Phal.DescriptionThe generic name originates from the Greek phalaina, "moth" and opsis, "like", descriptive of the inflorescences of some species, which resemble moths in flight. For this reason, the species are sometimes called Moth orchids.They are native throughout southeast Asia from the Himalayan mountains to the islands of Polillo and Palawan of the Philippines and northern Australia. Orchid Island off Taiwan is named after this orchid. Little is known about their habitat and their ecology in nature since little field research has been done in the last decades.Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid)EnlargePhalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid)Most are epiphytic shade plants; a few are lithophytes. In the wild they are typically found below the canopies of moist and humid lowland forests, protected against direct sunlight, but equally in seasonally dry or cool environments. The species have adapted individually to these three habitats.Phalaenopsis shows a monopodial growth habit. An erect growing rhizome produces from the top one or two alternate, thick and fleshy, elleptical leaves a year. The older, basal leaves drop off at the same rate. The plant retains in this way four to five leaves. If very healthy, they can have up to ten or more leaves. They have no pseudobulbs. The raceme appears from the stem between the leaves. They bloom in their full glory for several weeks. If kept in the home, they usually last two to three months, which is considered quite a long time.ClassificationThe species can be classified into two groups : * A group with a long, branched inflorescence (up to 1 m long) and large, almost round flowers with rose or white tints. * A group with short stems and less rounded, waxy flowers with more pronounced colors.In terms of particular lifeform terminology, one can also characterize these plants as hemicryptophyte or chamerophyte : * hemicryptophyte (abbr.: hemicr.) : biennial or perennial plants with herbaceous stems. These stems die off after the growing season, while the shoots survive at soil level. The resting buds are just above or below soil level. * chamaephyte (abbr. cham.) : low-growing plants with herbaceous and/or woody stems, that persist for several years. Their buds are on soil level or just above; but never above 50 cm.The genera Doritis Lindl. and Kingidium P.F.Hunt are now included in Phalaneopsis, based on DNA-evidence (according to the World Checklist of Monocotyledons, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew) (See also ref 1). However this is not implicitly accepted by every specialist in this field.Intensive cross-fertilization has produced a great number of hybrids in all colors and variations. These are usually more adaptable to artificial conditions than their botanical ancestors. Most are hybrids of Phalaenopsis amabilis with Phalaenopsis schilleriana or Phalaenopsis stuartiana.SpeciesPhalaenopsis 'Barbara Moler' x 'Johanna' (a hybrid cultivar) * Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid; East Malaysia to Papuasia) o Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. amabilis (East Malaysia to Papuasia). o Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. moluccana (Northeastern Borneo to the Moluccas). o Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. rosenstromii (New Guinea to Queensland). * Phalaenopsis amboinensis (Sulawesi to the Moluccas). o Phalaenopsis amboinensis var. amboinensis (the Moluccas). o Phalaenopsis amboinensis var. flavida (Sulawesi) * Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Southeastern Taiwan to the Philippines). o Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. aphrodite (the Philippines). o Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana (Southeastern Taiwan). * Phalaenopsis appendiculata (Malaya to northeastern Borneo). * Phalaenopsis bastianii (Philippines - Sulu Archipelago). * Phalaenopsis bellina (Borneo). * Phalaenopsis borneensis (Borneo). * Phalaenopsis braceana (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan). * Phalaenopsis buyssoniana (Indochina). * Phalaenopsis celebensis (Sulawesi). * Phalaenopsis chibae (Vietnam). * Phalaenopsis cochlearis (Malaya to Borneo). * Phalaenopsis corningiana (Borneo). * Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Indochina to southern Philippines). * Phalaenopsis deliciosa (Indian subcontinent to Malesia). o Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. deliciosa (Indian subcontinent to Malesia o Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. hookeriana (Eastern Himalayas to southwestern China). * Phalaenopsis doweryënsis (Northeastern Borneo). * Phalaenopsis equestris (Taiwan - Hsiao Lan Yü to the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis fasciata (the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis fimbriata (Sumatra, Java and Borneo). * Phalaenopsis floresensis (Lesser Sunda Islands). * Phalaenopsis fuscata (Borneo) * Phalaenopsis gibbosa (Vietnam). * Phalaenopsis gigantea (Borneo to Java). * Phalaenopsis hainanensis (China - Hainan and Yunnan). * Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica (the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis honghenensis (China - Yunnan). * Phalaenopsis inscriptiosinensis (Central Sumatra * Phalaenopsis javanica (Western Java). * Phalaenopsis kunstleri (Myanmar to Malaya). * Phalaenopsis lamelligera (Northeastern Borneo). * Phalaenopsis lindenii (the Philippines - Luzon). * Phalaenopsis lobbii (Eastern Himalayas to Myanmar). * Phalaenopsis lowii (Southern Myanmar to western Thailand). * Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana (the Philippines).Phalaenopsis 'Mambo' (a hybrid cultivar) * Phalaenopsis luteola (Northwestern Borneo). * Phalaenopsis maculata (Malaya to Borneo). * Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen (China - Yunnan) * Phalaenopsis mannii (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan). * Phalaenopsis mariae (Northeastern Borneo to the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis micholitzii (the Philippines - Mindanao). * Phalaenopsis modesta (Borneo). * Phalaenopsis mysorensis (Indian subcontinent). * Phalaenopsis pallens (the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis pantherina (Borneo). * Phalaenopsis parishii (Eastern Himalayas to Myanmar). * Phalaenopsis petelotii (Vietnam) * Phalaenopsis philippinensis (the Philippines - Luzon). * Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Indochina to Borneo). * Phalaenopsis pulchra (the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis regnieriana (Indochina). * Phalaenopsis reichenbachiana (the Philippines).Phalaenopsis 'Nivacolor' (a hybrid cultivar) * Phalaenopsis robinsonii (the Moluccas). * Phalaenopsis sanderiana (the Philippines - Mindanao). * Phalaenopsis schilleriana (the Philippines). * Phalaenopsis speciosa (Andaman and Nicobar Islands). * Phalaenopsis stobartiana (China - southeastern Tibet to Guangxi) * Phalaenopsis stuartiana (the Philippines - Mindanao). * Phalaenopsis sumatrana (Indochina to Borneo). * Phalaenopsis taenialis (Eastern Himalayas to China - Yunnan) * Phalaenopsis tetraspsis (Andaman and Nicobar Islands to northwestern Sumatra). * Phalaenopsis venosa (Sulawesi). * Phalaenopsis violacea (Malaya to Sumatra).). * Phalaenopsis viridis (Sumatra). * Phalaenopsis wilsonii (China - southeastern Tibet to Guangxi). * Phalaenopsis zebrina (Borneo).Natural hybridsA Phalaenopsis hybrid * Phalaenopsis × amphitrita (P. sanderiana × P. stuartiana; Philippines). * Phalaenopsis × gersenii (P. sumatrana × P. violacea; Borneo, Sumatra). * Phalaenopsis × intermedia (P. aphrodite × P. equestris; Star of Leyte; Philippines) (First recognized Phalaenopsis hybrid) * Phalaenopsis × leucorrhoda (P. aphrodite × P. schilleriana; Philippines). * Phalaenopsis × singuliflora (P. bellina × P. sumatrana; Borneo). * Phalaenopsis × veitchiana (P. equestris × P. schilleriana; Philippines).Intergeneric hybrids * xAeridopsis (Aerangis x Phalaenopsis) * xArachnopsis (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis) * xAsconopsis (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis) * xBeardara (Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis) * xBogardara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda x Vandopsis) * xBokchoonara (Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xCleisonopsis (Cleisocentron x Phalaenopsis) * xDevereuxara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xDiplonopsis (Diploprora x Phalaenopsis) * xDoriellaopsis (Doritis x Kingiella x Phalaenopsis) * xDoritaenopsis (Doritis x Phalaenopsis) * xDresslerara (Ascoglossum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xEdeara (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vandopsis) * xErnestara (Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vandopsis) * xEurynopsis (Eurychone x Phalaenopsis) * xHagerara (Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xHausermannara (Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis) * xHimoriara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis x Vanda) * xIsaoara (Aerangis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xLaycockara (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis) * xLichtara (Doritis x Gastrochilus x Phalaenopsis) * xLuinopsis (Luisia x Phalaenopsis) * xLutherara (Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Rhynchostylis ) * xMacekara (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda x Vandopsis) * xMeechaiara (Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis x Vanda) * xMoirara (Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda) * xNakagawaara (Aerangis x Doritis x Phalaenopsis) * xOwensara (Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xParnataara (Aerangis x Arachnis x Phalaenopsis) * xPaulara (Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda) * xPepeara (Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xPhalaerianda (Aerangis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xPhalandopsis (Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis) * xPhalanetia (Neofinetia x Phalaenopsis) * xPhaliella (Kingiella x Phalaenopsis) * xPooleara (Ascocentrum x Ascoglossum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xRenanthopsis (Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xRhynchonopsis (Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis) * xRhyndoropsis (Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis) * xRichardmizutaara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vandopsis) * xRoseara (Doritis x Kingiella x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera ) * xSappanara (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera) * xSarconopsis (Phalaenopsis x Sarcochilus) * xSidranara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera) * xSladeara (Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Sarcochilus) * xStamariaara (Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Renanthera x Vanda) * xSutingara (Arachnis x Ascocentrum x Phalaenopsis x Vanda x Vandopsis) * xTrautara (Doritis x Luisia x Phalaenopsis) * xTrevorara (Arachnis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xTrichonopsis (Phalaenopsis x Trichoglottis) * xUptonara (Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis x Sarcochilus) * xVandaenopsis (Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xVandewegheara (Ascocentrum x Doritis x Phalaenopsis x Vanda) * xYapara (Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis x Vanda) * xYeepengara (Aerides x Phalaenopsis x Rhynchostylis x Vanda)There is no true intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis and the closely related Paraphalaenopsis. However, according to the RHS, there is a grex (i.e. all orchids derived from crossing the same two or more parent species; the name also covers all offspring from that particular cross). Phalphalaenopsis Doris Thornton is currently the one and only registered (1977) grex that represents a cross between a Paraphalaenopsis (x thorntonii) and a Phalaenopsis (Doris). Therefore, strictly speaking, the genetic barrier between these two closely related genera has not been crossed. But, since there are only very few true Phalaenopsis species in cultivation (most are hybrids), the possibility of a true intergeneric hybrid is not to be excluded.Post-pollination changes in Phalaenopsis orchidsPhalaenopsis are not only outstanding in their beauty, but also unique in their photosynthetic mechanism. As in many other plants, the petals of the orchid flowers serve to attract pollinating insects and protect essential organs. Following pollination, petals will usually undergo senescence (i.e. wilt and disintegrate) because it is metabolically expensive to maintain them.In many Phalaenopsis species such as P.violacea, the petals and sepals found new uses following pollination. They turn green, become fleshy and apparently photosynthesize.Growing PhalaenopsisPhalaenopsis violacea var BorneoPhalaenopsis are among the most popular orchids sold as potted plants owing to the ease of propagation and flowering under artificial conditions. They were among the first tropical orchids in Victorian collections. Since the advent of the tetrapoloid hybrid Phalaenopsis Doris, they have become extremely easy to grow and flower in the home, as long as some care is taken to provide them with conditions that approximate their native habitats. Their production has become a commercial industry.In nature, they are typically fond of warm temperatures (20 to 35 °C), but are adaptable to conditions more comfortable for human habitation in temperate zones (15 to 30 °C); at temperatures below 18 °C watering should be reduced to avoid the risk of root rot. Phalaenopsis requires high humidity (60-70%) and low light of 12,000 to 20,000 lux. Flowering is triggered by a night-time drop in temperature of around 5 to 6 degrees over 2 to 4 consecutive weeks, usually in the fall.Phalaenopsis prefer to be potted in fir bark, which is more free-draining than the sphagnum moss. Keep them in pots with a lot of drainage. One of the most numerous blunders that new growers make is to rot the roots. Overwatering and poor drainage cause the roots to deteriorate, therefore killing the plant. Being careful to water when you feel the soil is dry through and through is the safest thing to do.Light is quite vital to the well-being of the phalaenopsis orchid. Keep it in indirect light near a southern window. Be sure the sun does not directly reach the leaves, which will cause burning and ugly brown marks. If the leaf feels hot to the touch, move it away immediately! On the other hand, phalaenopsis grown in poor dark areas tend to grow floppy dark green leaves and rarely flower.Phalaenopsis roots are quite thick, and the green point at the ends signifies that the root is actively growing. It is okay for them to climb out of the pots. Keep the plant fertilized with a 1/4 diluted strength balanced fertilizer three times out of four waterings.The flower spikes appear from the pockets near the base of each leaf. The first sign is a light green "mitten-like" object that protrudes from the leaf tissue. In about three months, the spike enlongates until it begins to swell fat buds. The buds will thus bloom. Usually you can tell what color the phalaenopsis is by looking at the bud color. After the flowers fade, some people prefer to cut the spike above the highest node (section). This may produce another flower spike or more rarely a keiki (a baby orchid plant that can be planted).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-20600142498260661542007-10-18T12:46:00.001+07:002007-10-18T12:46:53.618+07:00The Melati (Jasminum Sambac)The Melati (Jasminum Sambac)<br /><br />Jasminum SambacJasminum sambac (syn. Nyctanthes sambac) is a species of jasmine native to southern Asia, in India, Philippines, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Common names include Arabian Jasmine, Mogra (Hindi), Kampupot, Melati (Malay and Indonesian Language), Sampaguita (Tagalog), and Mallipu (Tamil).It is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to 1-3 m tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, simple (not pinnate, like most other jasmines), ovate, 4-12.5 cm long and 2-7.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in clusters of 3-12 together, strongly scented, with a white corolla 2-3 cm diameter with 5-9 lobes. The flowers open at night, and close in the morning. The fruit is a purple-black berry 1 cm in diameter.Cultivation and usesIt is widely grown throughout the tropics as an ornamental plant for its strongly scented flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected, including some with double flowers such as Jasminum sambac or 'Duke of Tuscany'.It is the national flower of the Philippines, adopted by its government in 1937. In the Philippines, the flowers are gathered and strung into leis, corsages and crowns or its oils distilled and sold in stores, streets, and outside churches. The garlands may be used to welcome guests, or as an offering or adornment in religious altars.Philippines sampaguita Indonesia melatiEnlargePhilippines sampaguita Indonesia melatiBesides the Philippines, it is also the national flower of Indonesia, which was adopted by Indonesian government in 1990 along with Moon Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis) and Rafflesia arnoldii. In Indonesia, the flower symbolizes purity, eternal love and nobility. It also symbolizes the beauty of a girl. The flower is commonly used in religious or cultural ceremony especially in Java and Bali. It is nicknamed puspa bangsa (nation flower or people flower) by the government.In Hawaii, the flower is known as "pikake" or "pikaki," and is used to make fragrant leis. In South India, jasmines are strung into thick strands and worn as a hair adornment. In China, the flower is processed and used as the main ingredient in jasmine tea.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6712593571463374798.post-68214735911651326582007-10-18T12:45:00.000+07:002007-10-18T12:46:08.347+07:00Rafflesia ArnoldiiRafflesia Arnoldii<br /><br />Rafflesia arnoldiiRafflesia arnoldii is a member of the genus Rafflesia. It is noted for producing the largest individual flower on earth. There are some plants with larger flowering organs, the Titan Arum and Talipot palm, but these are technically clusters of many flowers. It occurs only in the rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo in the Indonesia Archipelago.Molecular studies in 2007 have resulted in the final taxonomy of Rafflesia arnoldii which has been assigned to the family of Euphorbiaceae (Davis et al. 2007).DescriptionSeveral species of Rafflesia grow in the jungles of southeast Asia, many of them threatened or endangered. Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest; its flower attains a diameter of nearly a meter (3 ft) and can weigh up to 11 kilograms (24 lb).It lives as a parasite on the Tetrastigma vine, as its host, which grows only in primary (undisturbed) rainforests. While many parasites appear like normal plants, Rafflesia lacks any observable leaves, roots, or even stems. Likened to fungi, Rafflesia individuals grow as thread-like strands of tissue completely embedded within and in intimate contact with surrounding host cells from which nutrients and water are obtained. Perhaps the only part of Rafflesia that is identifiable as distinctly plant-like are the flowers; although, even these are bizarre because they attain massive proportions and are usually reddish-brown and stink of rotting flesh. The flower is pollinated by flies attracted by its scent.Specimen of Rafflesia arnoldii at the Kyoto Botanical Garden.EnlargeSpecimen of Rafflesia arnoldii at the Kyoto Botanical Garden.Rafflesia arnoldii is rare and fairly hard to locate. It is especially difficult to see in flower; the buds take many months to develop and the flower lasts for just a few days. How many of these strange plants still survive is unknown, but as the remaining primary forests of Borneo and Sumatra disappear, it can only be assumed that their numbers are dwindling. Many are known to be nearing extinction. Some environmentalists are thinking of a way to recreate the species' environment, in an effort to stimulate a recovery in the population of this endangered species. This has proved unsuccessful so far, but the efforts have continued. However, steps are being taken to conserve the forests of Sumatra and Borneo.Pollination is a rare event due to several factors. The flowers are unisexual and single sites usually produce either male or female flowers. Therefore, in order to have effective pollination, male flowers must be near to, and open at the same time as, the female flowers so that flies can transfer the pollen.While male and female individuals could be closely spaced, flower bud mortality is 80-90% per site thereby reducing the chance of co-flowering two individuals. Furthermore, the flower lifespan is only 5-7 days. Also, the current population distributions are fragmented due to habitat destruction. So, successful reproduction relies on the unlikely event that a male and female would bloom during the same 5-7 days and that a fly could carry pollen between the often widely separated populations.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1